Miss Havisham Essay Example for Free

Miss Havisham Essay Satis house, where Miss Havisham lives, is seen as gothic and strange. The house had all the windows walled up symbolising that Miss Havisham is trapping herself from reality. Dickens also highlights her frailty as if the natural light could struck her to dust suggesting that shes almost vampiric or supernatural, adding to the Victorian audiences fascination. Additionally, the repetition of the house being rustily barred can reflect the house as being a prison as Miss Havisham has imprisoned herself, Dickens could also be trying to represent her feelings of insecurity and decay. The first sight the reader gets of Miss Havisham is of her sitting in an arm chair, with an elbow resting on the table this image is one of resignation and dejection as there is a sense that Miss Havisham has given up. She was wearing a wedding dress, symbolising that she is trying to preserve the identity as an expectant bride. It was made of rich materials- satins, lace and silks emphasising her wealth, however these rich materials that were once white are now yellow The syntax shows that even though time has moved on, Miss Havisham is locked in a moment of stasis. Pips narrative voice explains her to the strangest lady I have ever seen, or shall ever see The adjective strange qualifies how odd and perverse Miss Havisham appears and the additional clause or shall ever see further qualifies how her strangeness is extraordinary. Dickens, however, denies sympathy for Miss Havisham as his gothic depiction of her, causes her to become a freakish object of ridicule. She appears as a skeleton in the ashes of a rich dress that has shrunk to skin and bone. Dickens shows that there is a physical and emotional decay that appears gothic and skeletal. She has become withered making her the complete realisation of the ghastly waxwork at the fair. Dickens purposely states her as the waxwork at the fair as these freakish displays were shown as a form of popular Victorian entertainment. His physical description of Miss Havisham is seen as monstrous and grotesque embodying the form of a gothic monster, therefore making it difficult for the reader to sympathise with her. The language, Dickens uses, is associated with death as he is implying that love humanises and offers life and hope to people, whereas Miss Havisham has locked her heart away, therefore making it seem as though she is deathly. Furthermore, the image of Miss Havisham looking at herself in the mirror shows how she is uncertain of her identity, as she tries to fix herself as an expectant bride. The way she views herself is different to how she seems, so new to him, so old to me: so strange to him, so familiar to me she has locked herself in the past and is unable to move on from a time she was happy. Pip forces Miss Havisham to think and look at herself differently. The syntaxs new-old and strange-familiar shows how she is moving in and out of different perspective. The use of the words as opposites shows how she has a completely misplaced view of herself. Alternatively, in chapter 49, Miss Havisham becomes humanised. Her appearance is acknowledged as Pip finds her sitting in a ragged chair which presents a sense of decay and lost worth. There was a new expression on her face, but her eyes pained, her face was worn by something more than age and her appearance overall is described as more haggard and withered than ever. She was staring at the ashy fire lost in contemplation, in this image Dickens appears to play on the myth of the phoenix as the ashy fire implies that Miss Havisham, like the phoenix rising form the ashes, wishes to be reborn in order to atone her malice. Miss Havishams freakish appearance at the start of the novel changes as Dickens humanises her to point where she cries. She dropped on her knees at my feet and held her hands out hung her head and wept showing the physical image of Miss Havishams repentance makes her seem vulnerable as it is the first time the reader sees her cry and showing her feelings, especially to a man. The crying humanises her as we see her real emotions, it also links to the myth of the phoenix as the tears are said to heal. In the process of Miss Havisham setting alight; Pip sees her running at me, shrieking, with a whirl of fire blazing all about her Dickens in this image presents Miss Havisham as devilish as she runs towards Pip. However, it relates to the myth of the phoenix and shows that through the burning of her dress she is forgiven and extends the idea of being cleansed as it purges all evil. As Pip tries to distinguish the flames, he drags down the great cloth from the table and with it dragged down the heap of rottenness and all the ugly things that sheltered there and wrapped it around Miss Havisham, showing his care and consideration that has grown for Miss Havisham. Whilst Pip cradles Miss Havisham on the floor, the beetles and spiders were running away over the floor whereas before the spiders were nibbling at Miss Havisham, again a sense of purging, cleansing and healing. As they lay Miss Havisham on the table with a white sheet loosely covering her suggests that she is finally at peace and furthermore gives a sense of purity and cleansing with the pure white sheet. The phantom air of something that had been and was changed Dickens shows the reader that Miss Havisham has changed during this and has become reborn. To conclude, Dickens presents Miss Havisham as a challenge to Victorian society. He also shows that love is redemptive and necessary and without it, we are nothing. Within Miss Havishams reformation Dickens shows the strength of her character. His intentions in creating Miss Havisham were to try and show the hardship that women who were rejected by the Victorian society had to go through and how cruel the society have been in marginalising them. By doing so Dickens has cleverly began to deconstruct the stereotype of a spinster and questions expectations. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Great Expectations section.

Components of Effective Teamwork

Components of Effective Teamwork There are many components of effective teamwork such as communication, cohesiveness, commitment and collaboration among members to confronting problems directly, coordinating efforts, managing conflict and making decision via consensus, which requires some time compromisation (Heineman,1994). According to Zander,1994,team goal are desirable state of affair members intend to bring about through combined effort. A clear understanding of groups objective through well-articulated goals is the most common characteristic of successful team (Larson and LaFasto, 1996).The team member had never been together before the assignment given. The team established a common purpose that is decided to complete the given task with the allocated time. The team member was randomly selected and joined together, the members undergo the 5 stages Tuckman theory, accomplishing group assignment.In every team, there are team composition needed for a team to work well. According to Guzzo Dickson (1996), composi tion refer to the nature and attributes of team members.Whereas there are large and small groups or team within organization, the important point the composition of the groups or teams. According to Hackman, 1987 the effective team need members who have relevant expertise, interpersonal skills and moderate differences in their background. In a way, there is no point of including many people into a team or group if they do not have complementary relevant skills to contribute to teams goals. Other than that, in many group or team, what generally happen is that individual get appointed onto team where they feel they are wasting their time in the meeting rather than being a contributing member. Thus, it is imperative that a team has combination of the right mix of workforce, expertise right people skills. In discussion of the group assignment, there are different value embed in three main ethics in this group(Malays, Chinese and Indians) including non-assertive, good manners, cooperati on and harmony; trust and relationship building. These values will to some extent influence group norms and cohesiveness (Abdullah and Low, 2001). Apart from that, it is imperative that members understand their roles in their teams or groups. Roles are expected behavior pattern attributed to someone occupying a given position in a social unit (Robbin Judge, 2007).There are many roles that member that members can play within their team or group. According to Margerison and McCann (1990), there are nine roles commonly played by group. Robbin and Judge nine roles include Linker, Creator, Promoter, Assessor, Organizer, Producer, Controller, Maintainer and the Advisor. Each team role has particular strengths wan weakness which is essential for team member to identify themselves and more importantly they need to match the roles with their skills and preference for compensating each other weakness with their strength. Moreover, cohesiveness will bring about positive effect to satisfaction and communication. In teamwork context, it is important that all team members build cohesiveness through understanding and respects of each others roles and contribution trying to accomplish the group task and goals. People who are part of cohesiveness groups are more satisfied than are member of non-cohesive group(Hackman1992).Group cohesion also helps to reduce stress because members are supportive to each other .Effective team work have norms that support high quality performance and a level of group cohesiveness that provide social support to its members. Effective leaders are those who personal qualities enable them to articulate a vision for a given group. It is therefore important that the leader, by his [or her] behavior manifest a loyalty to the needs and aspiration of group members. These things must matter to him [or her] in ways that to view because such evidence of good faith sincere accessible serve to elicit greater acceptance of influence. ( Hollander,1964,pg231;). In addition, Hollander found that, In order the group to function as effectively as possible, the leader needs to be attuned to the need of followers, the perception and expectancies,(1995,pg75).In other words, when followers trust a leader, theyre willing to be subjected to the leader actions, for they are convinced that their rights and interest will not be neglected. Besides effective leadership, an affective membership is also important to achieve successful teamwork. Team membership performs its task then is better able to perform the next task assigned to it. The main reason in forming a team is to complete given task. Not only that, it is also helping maintain good social relations, promotes its members personal and professional development. Therefore, it is essential for member require the right type of people, good internal group process and understand team dynamic to work towards a common goal. This is the social relations, group maintenance, or viability aspect of teamwork (Sundstorm, 1990).For creating effective membership, there is necessary diversity of knowledge and skills. Management teams with members of different backgrounds are more innovative that homogenous team. (Guzzo and Dickson, 1996)

Positive Verbal Communication Analysis

Positive Verbal Communication Analysis What are some things you can do as a customer service professional to project a positive image to the customer? First, think carefully about the words you choose in front of them. Use customer-friendly words. Avoid acronyms and industry-specific language. Youll never impress the customer with how smart you are if you make them feel dumb. Second, consciously choose your tone of voice. You may say the right words and say it in a way that communicates something entirely different. How many husbands have asked their wives, Honey, is there anything wrong? And the wife says, Nothing! And the husband gets in trouble because he believed her! Make sure your tone is professional and pleasant. Is that hard? Yes! At the end of your shift when you have a headache, when youve just been bawled out by an angry customer, when youve just had a run-in with your boss all these situations make it difficult to treat the next person with respect and courtesy; however, thats your job. If you want to keep customers coming back and telling their friends, youve got to treat them right. The third thing you can do to create a positive image is to be aware of your body language. How you are standing or sitting can communicate a loud message. If you have a face-to-face business, you must put some thought into your appearance. You always want to appear clean and neat. Im not talking about how expensive your clothes are or are not, but are they clean? Ironed? Do they fit? All these things speak loudly to the customer. After all, if you dont care enough to present yourself well, the customer wonders if you care enough to do the job well. What element(s) of the do you believe are the most important in a customer service environment? Explain Two way communications involves the sender and the receive who each contribute to the communication process. Part of the process is declining which is the best channel to ensure clear message delivery. What are some strategies to use in order to avoid words or phrases that will negatively affect your relationship with your customer? While we seek to communicate effectively, there are often distorted perceptions of what we view as truth or right. As a result of these colored reality, conflict often result. A continuation of this miscommunication is likely to create a downward spiral of increased tension. You have probably heard the term passive aggressive and did not know what it meant. You are probably familiar with the terms passive and aggressive. These are three communication styles that should be eliminated if you are to communicate effectively with other individuals. Aggressive communication can be described as follows: -Shouting -Using intimidation or threats -Underlying violence -Talking down to people in a disrespectful manner -Being very controlling -Saying rude and hurtful things to people under the guise of being blunt -Name calling -Offensive behavior Do you exhibit any of these signs of aggressive behavior? If so, you probably have found that it has gotten you into quite a few fights, maybe even some physical altercations. You are a walking time bomb who always seems to be able to go off. There is nothing wrong with being assertive in making sure that your needs are met. There is something wrong if you are hurting other people in your quest to do this. People who exhibit aggressive style behavior are usually bullies. They often will resort to talking to people in this manner at stores and places where employees are trained not to talk back. It gives them a false sense of superiority and makes others feel bad. To say that this communication style is ineffective is an understatement. It is toxic. And sooner or later, it will cause negative effects in your life. No matter how much of a bully you are, and how aggressive, there is always someone who is a bit tougher. Continue this type of behavior and be prepared to have very few friends, move around from different jobs all of the time and have problems in your personal life as well as with the criminal justice system. Have problems in your personal life as well as with the criminal justice system. Passive behavior is almost as destructive as aggressive behavior. You never know what a passive person is thinking, but they are usually seething on the inside about something. Because they are so stifled in their emotional range, they will not let anything out for others to see. Somewhere in their lifetime, they were told that it was not okay to display any of their feelings nor have any value to their feelings. They simply allow people to walk all over them. When the passive person has had enough of the conflict, they will just take off. You have heard about passive people before. Surely you know someone who knows someone who has had a father or mother just take off without explanation. Chances are that the conflict they were experiencing was developing for some time. But because they did not know how to address the conflict, it never came out. Until the day that they decided to take off and leave. Passive behavior is destructive in that it does not allow someone to communicate their thoughts and feelings in an effective manner. In fact, it does not allow them to communicate their feelings at all. This is almost as alienating as being aggressive. People who are extremely passive usually have a very low self esteem and simply do not feel that their needs are worth fighting for. Until they get to the point where the conflict builds up and they just escape. In many cases, a person who is very passive may not escape physically from the conflict, but in their own mind. They may appear distant to others. This is because they have found it more comforting to slip into a dream world where the conflict does not exist. Passive Aggressive A person who is passive aggressive has deep rooted anger issues but will not address them. Instead, they will act out in other manners that are destructive. They usually have a problem with being told what to do by authority figures and are generally very negative individuals. Being passive-aggressive is considered as having traits that are reflective of having a personality disorder. A person who has been diagnosed with a personality disorder needs a more than conflict coaching, although this is a step in the right direction. Signs that someone is passive aggressive include: -Harboring resentment and underlying seething; -Communicating through indirect means by using children, messengers or e-mails to get their message to the individual who is causing the conflict; -Negative self image and image of others around him or her; -Angry all of the time but inability to express it appropriately. The person may resort to hurting animals or other pets; -Making snide remarks or giving backhanded compliments to people. Someone who is passive aggressive can use a good dose of therapy to get to the root of his or her negative self image. Their negative self image does not only affect them, but others around them. Normally, someone who is passive aggressive learns this behavior in childhood. Chances are that there is a parent who also suffered with this issue. If you have one of these communication styles, you will want to do something to overcome it and be able to communicate more effectively. What are some of the tips outlined in this chapter for ensuring effective customer interactions? Responsible for ensuring that a meaningful exchange of information takes place. By accepting this responsibility. You can perform your job more efficiently. Generate goodwill and customer loyalty for the organization. Provide service excellence. What is feedback? Your feedback could affect the relationship you have or are building with your customers. The effect may be positive or negative, depending on the content and delivery. Verbal feedback Nonverbal feedback Body language Actions Appearances How can verbal feedback affect customer encounters? Give some examples of nonverbal feedback and explain how they can affect customer interactions? List at least five tips for providing positive feedback. Giving positive feedback is one of the more enjoyable tasks in the workplace. From the most senior to most junior, regular appropriate praise can enhance job satisfaction and boost motivation. Build Trust Contrast Focus on Improvements Use Examples Give Positive Feedback SCENARIOS: You are a customer service professional in a dry cleaners shop. A customer who has been coming for years stops by with a silk shirt that has a stain that, according to him, was not there before the most recent dry cleaning. He is upset because the garment is expensive and was to have been damaged to a class reunion yesterday. As we try to dry our customer clothes as superior as we can do. But we are also human beings all the things we cant do properly. Since he complains about the shirt stain and he spoil the class reunion yesterday, we ask thousand apologies from him, and we try to get that kind of shirt for him. So he may have a good confident about our shop. You are a member service representative in an automobile club that provides maps, trip information, towing and travel service, and a variety of travel-related products. A member has supported by to find out whether she can get a replacement membership card and assistance in planning an upcoming vacation. As u knows our business is giving service to customers. We always try to keep a good relationship with our customer. We happily help our customer difficulties because they are our future without them we cant grow up. Since she is our customer and we want give a replacement membership because if we dont do that now we know we will lose one customer, for us each and every customer is important. So we will be always want keep in touch with customer. You are a counter clerk in a fast-food restaurant. It is lunchtime, and the restaurant is full of patrons. As you are taking an order form a customer, a second customer steps to the front of the line, interrupts the first customer, and demands a replacement sandwich because the one she received is not what she ordered. If he is interrupting it is better to solve his problem first, and for second one can give a nice smile and get an excuse and can talk the first one and can ask for apologies for bringing wrong one, and can tell to him that we will try our best not to repeat this again. So the problem will be solve charm and satisfactorily. As a clerk in a local video rental store, you see many of the same patrons regularly and have a fairly good relationship with many of them. Once of the regular customers has just come in to rent a video but is not sure what he wants. You must determine his needs and properly assist him. Be sure to ask probing, open-ended questions, phrased positively, to help you get the information you need. If he is a regular customer, we can understand his feeling and his taste. So when he come to store we can ask question like, how was the last film that your brought? And can tell you always take this kind of thing so you like this and that. And can give our feeling about that and can tell like that other good one also there. So he will tell his feeling about that and tell again what he wants. CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS Since you dont have a relationship with Sylvia, what will you do to get off to a solid start during your visit? Try to meet her and create a relation with Sylvia. Observe her perfectly. Respect her and her ideas. Watch her expirations carefully, ask about her needs and wants. How should you approach Sylvia verbally and nonverbally? Take with her warmly and sincerely. Try to build a foundation to trust on her mind. What strategies among the ones discussed in this chapter can you use to find out where you and LKM stand in Sylvias mind?

Woodchucks Poem Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"Eliminating the Pest† In the poem â€Å"Woodchucks† by Maxine Kumin, the speaker is in her garden and is annoyed with some woodchucks that are eating and destroying the produce in the garden. The speaker in turn tries to remove the woodchucks by using humane gas to kill them and when that is unsuccessful, she resorts to more violent means. This poem uses the annoying woodchucks to signify the Jewish people during the Holocaust by the Nazi Party.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first stanza of the poem, the speaker clearly identifies that some woodchucks are annoying her. To solve this problem, the speaker uses gas as a way to eliminate the pests quickly and painlessly much like the Nazis tried to eradicate the Jews from their presence. Gassing the woodchucks is an easy way to remove the pests because using gas does not involve looking at the victims as they are put to death. This is also why the Nazis used the gassing methods to kill the Jews. After time this method was not as widely used due to the resilience of the woodchucks and Jews. Thus, this led the killers to use more ruthless techniques.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second stanza and third stanza tell how the woodchucks continue to destroy the garden because the cyanide gas was not successful. The speaker tells about the woodchucks taking over the vegetable patch and beheading the carrots. This drives the speaker crazy, therefore taking the violence to another level. The speaker pulls out a gun and puts the ...

Partner Abuse Essays -- essays research papers

Partner Abuse Table of Contents Introduction 1 Literary review 1 Sampling 4 Data Collection 4 Data Analysis 4 Conclusion 6 Work Cited 7   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hypothesis: Do students believe that partner abuse is a problem on college campus.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Domestic violence spans the range of violent encounters and includes physical assaults, sexual assaults, verbal assaults, intimidation, threats, extreme emotional or psychological neglect and even death. The hypothesis of this paper is do students believe that partner abuse is a problem on college campus. To find out this I will include a literary review, which will include theories of why it might occur and prof from other sources. Most important a survey given out to Curry college students and its results will be included. I choose this topic to educate students on the violence in dating relationships. Literary review   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Partner violence is typically defined as an act carried out with the intention of causing physical or mental pain to another person. Partner abuse is not only important as a phenomenon in itself but also because it precedes marital violence and thus may provide a link in transmission of violence. Here are some theories that may provide some reasons how partner abuse occurs and the prof that it is a problem on college campuses.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On theory of dating violence is the social learning theory. This theory examines the effects of either experiencing abuse as child or witnessing abusive between one's parents. Reachers of dating violence have found that there is a history of abuse is related to later involvement in an abusive relationship for both males and females. Also, found that having been abused as a child predicted later involvement in abuse for women but not for men. Abusive men were more likely to have witnessed violence between their parents than were women in an abusive marriage. Similarly, found that although more abused wives, they still were less likely to have witnessed marital violence than had non husbands. Therefore, although a history of either witnessing or experiencing abuse seems of either witnessing or experience abuse seems prevalent between men and women in abusive relationships, the exact nature of that influence on men and women remains unclear. (Alexander, Pamela C Journal of marria... ...o abusive situations.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The two most important findings that support my hypothesis. The first was that 75% of the surveyed stated that yes they have seen an incident of abuse either physical or verbal on campus. The second was that 60% of the student surveyed felt it was a problem on Curry colleges campuses. It has been shown in this paper that domestic abuse in the form of partner abuse is a problem on college campuses. I feel that this topic should be researched more widely and should be dealt with. Work Cited Alexander, Pamela C. Journal of marriage and the family What is transmitted in the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  interggenerational transition of violence. 53, August 1991: p657-667 Caulfield, Marie B Journal of interpersonal violence The Assessment of dating aggression:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Empirical evaluation of the conflict tactics scale v7 n3 sep. 1992: p350-64 Deacon, James Maclean's Sexes what is ‘abuse'? v106 February /22/ 93 p54 LeJeune, Chad Journal of interpersonal violence Taking Responsibility: sex differences in   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  reporting dating violence v.9 n.2 p181-94 1995

Marketings Of Green Energy In Mauritius Environmental Sciences Essay

In this paper I am explicating the range, the demand and the usage of green energy in Mauritius, its selling and how it affects the planetary market. Now a twenty-four hours non merely in Mauritius all the states biggest job is the energy and its ingestion ; largely the electricity, the basic needful signifier of all the energy that mankind used widely. Not merely in Mauritius but the whole universe is running for an easy, economic and an eco-free system to bring forth electricity. In this paper I am giving a brief account on the production of green energy, selling of green energy in Mauritius and how its influence the authorities side, the stairss taken from the authorities to advance green energy in Mauritius, their schemes and they work out at that place schemes.1.0 Introduction:In this paper I am explicating the range, the demand and the usage of green energy in Mauritius, its selling and how it affects the planetary market. Now a twenty-four hours non merely in Mauritius all the states biggest job is the energy and its ingestion ; largely the electricity, the basic needful signifier of all the energy that mankind used widely. Mankind made so many engineerings for change overing most sort of energy to electrical energy and he used electricity to run most of his equipments. Just conceive of the universe without electricity, at least a twenty-four hours without electricity or an hr ; we are that much depends to the electricity. Not merely in Mauritius but the whole universe is running for an easy, economic and an eco free system to bring forth electricity. As I worked for the company SUSTAINABLE ENERGY ENGINEERING.Co.Ltd for 7 months, I worked in many Fieldss as an Electrical Engineer, the work for the photovoltaic is one of the head touching undertakings I of all time had. I was in the scheming subdivision of the undertaking, as I used package called SMA-SUNNY DESIGN to plan the works and I noticed how much of energy is made in that works in a twenty-four hours with an initial one clip investing. From that twenty-four hours onwards I was be aftering to do my thesis paper on this. How Mauritius made green electricity, how the authorities helps on doing their dreams come true and how they market this energy. I make this paper with all the relevant information ‘s I got from my foreman and the manager of the company Mr. Rishi Soodaye who helped in all the ways for the readying of this paper. In Mauritius Central Electricity Board ( CEB ) is the in charge organic structure for the production and allocation of energy on the island under the Ministry of Natural resources Renewable Energy and Public Utilities. While the CEB with the caput office in Curepipe produces approximately 40 % of the entire energy beginning in Mauritius, the remainder is obtained from self-determining Power Producers chiefly via sugar estates. The general electricity per capita per twelvemonth in Mauritius is about 750 kW/h. Energy is produced by thermic agencies ( 80 % ) , H2O, and bagasse ( both accounting for the staying 20 % ) from little sugar estates.A ( Gices, 2011 ) There are 8 hydro electric power workss located scattered largely in the southern portion the island with a subtotal capacity of 59 MW. They are the Champagne Plant ( with a capacity of 30 MW ) , the Ferney Plant ( 10 MW ) , the Tamarind Falls Plant ( 11.1 MW ) , Le Val Plant ( 4MW ) , La Ferme Plant ( 1.2 MW ) , the Reduit Plant ( 1.2 MW ) , the Cascade Cecile Plant ( 1MW ) and the Magenta Plant ( 0.94 MW ) . Because of natural seasonal fluctuations in H2O supply and demand throughout the twelvemonth, the power workss can non run at full capacity or in full efficiency and are therefore non every bit dependable as thermic workss though they are inexpensive to keep but cause serious environmental pollution and cause serious natural environment pollution. ( Gices, 2011 ) Thermal energy is produced in thermic workss that works on heat all located in Port Louis, while Fort Victoria, Fort George and St Louis usage Diesel, the Nicolay Plant uses gas and coal to do electricity. The sum of e nergy produced by the thermic workss is about 324 MW. The hydro electric power workss at Champagne and Tamarind Falls ( based on climatic conditions ) besides use gas to bring forth energy and with the Nicolay works, the three sum to 85 MW. The sugar industry power workss produce around 254 MW of electricity from the FUEL Steam and Power Generation Co Ltd ( 36.7 MW ) , Consolidated Energy Ltd ( 28.4 MW ) , Compagnie Thermique de Belle Vue Ltee ( 71.2 MW ) , Compagnie Thermique du Sud Ltee ( 34.5 MW ) and Compagnie Thermique de Savannah Ltee ( 83 MW ) . Gices ( 2011 ) . Residential gross revenues: Residential gross revenues are estimate to turn from the estimated value figure of 521 GWh in 2002 to 630 GWh in 2011 to 798 GWh in 2012. These figures characterize mean one-year growing or annual rates of approximately 4.9 % over the following 5 old ages and 3.5 % over the undermentioned five old ages. Today the standard Mauritian household unit uses about 1990 kWh of energy each twelvemonth or in yearly. But usage varies widely among suburban clients. From that about 17 % of families consume less than 700 kWh of energy each twelvemonth and about 14.7 % consume more than 2,600 kWh of energy each twelvemonth or in yearly. Appliances or the devices such as air conditioners, dish washers, Television, and place office equipment are acquiring clasp of in popularity in in-between income families. The other common family contraptions such as telecastings and iceboxs are being replaced by larger units of electricity. Many intermediate and high net incomes families are buying or purchasing reproduction contraptions or low quality contraptions or of duplicate things. Commercial Gross saless: Gross saless to commercial clients are calculated to turn from the figure of 450 GWh recorded in 2002 to 600 GWh in 2007 and to 820 GWh in 2012. These figures signify typical one-year growing rates of 7.5 % over the following 5 old ages and 6.9 % over the following 5 old ages. Commercial gross revenues are ordinary to account for the chief growing in CEB ‘s taken as a whole gross revenues in the coming old ages, as they have done in the past decennary. The typical big office edifice ( 18 floors or above ) in Port Louis consumes about 4.7 GWh of electricity per twelvemonth or yearly, in the order of equal to the ingestion of 3,500 families. Industrial gross revenues: Industrial gross revenues are estimate to turn from the figure of 620 GWh in 2002 to 790 GWh in 2012, stand foring an normal one-year or annual growing rate of 4.5 %2.0 Advantages and Disadvantages of Green Energy:2.1 Advantages of Green Energy:One of the major advantages with the usage of renewable energy is that as it is renewable and there for it is therefore sustainable and so will ne'er run out or complete. Renewable energy comfortss by and large require low care cost than conventional generators ( Whatever generators we use, depends on the system ) . Their fuel that is the natural stuff being derived from nature and available resources reduces the costs of operation. Even more significantly, renewable energy produces small or no waste merchandises such as C dioxide or other chemical pollutants, so has minimum impact on the environment. It ‘s free of pollution and made no injury to any of the life things. Renewable energy undertakings can besides convey economic benefits t o many regional countries, as most undertakings are located off from big urban Centres and suburbs of the capital metropoliss. These economic benefits may be from the increased usage of local services every bit good as touristry. Most of the undertaking are one clip investing, and will acquire net income throughout the life clip.2.2 Disadvantage of Green Energy:One disadvantage with renewable energy is that it is hard to bring forth the measures of electricity that are every bit immense as those produced by conventional dodo fuel generators ( Comparing to other states fossil fuels are the primary beginning of bring forthing electricity ) . This may intend that we need to decrease the sum of energy we use or simply construct more energy services. The other thing it shows is that it besides indicates that the best solution to our energy jobs may be to hold a balance of many dissimilar power beginnings. Another disadvantage of renewable energy beginnings is the dependability of supply. Renewable energy frequently relies on the conditions for its beginning of power. Hydro power works generators need rain to make full dikes to provide streamlined H2O. Wind turbines need wind to turn the blades so that it can turn the turbines, and solar aggregators besides need clear skies and sunlight to roll up heat and build electricity. When these resources are unavailable so is the ability to do energy from them. This can be mutable and conflicting. The present cost of renewable energy engineering is besides far in surplus of conventional dodo fuel coevals. This is because it is a advanced engineering and as such has enormously big chief cost or capital cost. Energy is simply a transitional good. Consuming energy is a agency to an appendage now a twenty-four hours, the terminal being the status of energy-related demands such as production or fabrication of goods, keeping equal lighting, cookery, every bit long as mobility. The important challenge for sustainable energy use and production is, hence, is to fulfill the suited degree of energy-related demands of every adult male sort or to all citizens is being by utilizing a assortment of engineering and fuels tailored to local state of affairs instead than simply increasing energy supplies, while maintaining the general cost and environmental or the natual harm every bit low as possible.3.0 Methods for Producing Green Energy:Solar Energy Wind Energy Tidal Energy Wave Energy Geothermal Energy Hydrological or Hydro Electric Power3.1 Solar Energy:Solar Energy is one of the widely used methods to bring forth green energy in the whole universe. It ‘s besides known as Photovoltaic cells. In Solar the sunshine is captured and converted to electrical energy and its stored depends on the demand. For capturing the Sun visible radiation they use a panel called Solar panels, which capture the sunshine and change over this sunshine to electrical energy and stored in a battery, which is taken as we needed. In this paper I mention on solar panels or solar energy or PV ( Photovoltaic ) systems, as widely used method in Mauritius.3.2 Wind Energy:Wind Energy is the 2nd method to bring forth green energy, in Mauritius. In 1995 Mauritius had a undertaking on air current turbines, it was an American based undertaking and subsequently bead because of some proficient jobs. Comparing the air current energy and the solar energy air current turbine undertakings are of high initial cost comp arison to the solar energy. Mauritius is touched with a batch of air currents ; its geographical location is like it gets a normal air current scope from 12.87 Km/Hr to 20-30 Km/ Hr in higher parts. In air current energy a turbine is rotated by the force of the air current, therefore the turbine rotates and electricity is produced and stored on the battery. This method is besides implemented in Mauritius ; a new undertaking based on air current energy is get downing on the South.3.3 Tidal Energy:In an island like Mauritius surrounded by the sea, electricity can be made from the tidal besides. In tidal type energy devising, the motion of the tidal drives the turbine which in bend rotates the rotor and energy is formed and it ‘s stored in the battery. In tidal energy a tidal bombardment is made, a tidal bombardment is a sort of dike. When the tidal comes and hit on this bombardments H2O hastes through the holes made in the bombardments which turns the turbines. Many topographic points this bombardments are used as Bridgess besides. Tidal energy is widely used in United Kingdom and there it ‘s a success besides. As comparing to the solar, air current and the tidal, solar power is cheaper and weave and the tidal have about immense initial investings. But in a state like Mauritius here we have a batch of range for this tidal energy. 3.4 Wave Energy: Wave energy is about same as that of the tidal energy. In a topographic point like Mauritius surrounded by sea electrical energy can be taken from the sea. It ‘s available plentifulness in Mauritius. Big sea moving ridges in the West can bring forth much good sum of electrical energy. Wave energy plants like make fulling sea H2O from the tide to a pit, on the shore which compresses the at bay air in the pit which turns the turbine. By the turbine turns and the electrical energy is formed and stored in the battery. Comparing to all other undertakings this 1 besides has large initial investing. It ‘s normally used in little graduated tables. 3.5 Geothermal Energy: Geothermal energy is one of the rarest types of energy production in all sorts. It ‘s used in topographic points with volcanic parts. In this natural heat of the Earth is used. Cold H2O is pumped into the country where big sum of heat is located. This heat makes this cold H2O to evaporate and this steam is collected and used to turn the turbine. This turbine turns make electricity. It has a infinite energy supply but the job is it ‘s non applicable to every topographic point. It ‘s successful in topographic points like New Zealand and in Iceland. This undertaking is really unsafe and the hazard factor is really high. This undertaking is besides holding large initial investing. 3.6 Hydrological or Hydro Electric Power: It ‘s the most common method used for the production of electricity in universe broad. In Mauritius they besides depends hydro electric power. In the southern portion we can see so many hydro electric power workss with a entire capacity of about 59 MW. In hydro electric power workss works in a manner like H2O is collected by constructing dikes. This gathered H2O is passed through high force per unit area pipes and this pressurised H2O is used to turn the turbines. Hydro electric power workss besides depend on the H2O resources and the rain. When the handiness of the rain gets decreases the per centum of electric production besides decreases. Comparing to all the above types initial investing is immense for this. States like India and China depends hydro electric power workss. 4.0 How Solar Energy Grid Works as profit- The Marketing country: In Mauritius people and companies produce solar energy for their ain intent and for net income besides. Its work like this the people or the company will hold three different energy metres one metre will demo how much they consume and the other metre demo how much they produce and the 3rd metre shows the difference. If the ingestion is higher than the production they have to pay from their manus and if the ingestion is less than the production they will acquire the money from the state energy board. Normally the client had to pay the electricity measure individually and acquire a check for the production per units on every three months or six months that depends on the capacity of the works. If it ‘s a little graduated table works so the manufacturer will acquire the check on every six month and if the works is on a big graduated table he will acquire it on every three month. Government will supply so many aid for bring forthing green energy in Mauritius, Bankss like MCB is supplying 85 % acquisition cost loan on Photovoltaic systems. Government give subordinate financess for supplying these sorts of exposure Gur systems and for the solar H2O warmers besides. Agencies like AFD ( Agence Francaise Development ) besides raise fund for bring forthing green energy in Mauritius. The financess from UNDP ( United Nation Development Program ) can besides used for the production of the green energy in Mauritius. Across most engineerings, renewable energy industries saw continued growing in equipment fabrication, gross revenues, and installing during 2011. Solar PV and onshore or the land air current power experienced theatrical monetary value decreases during the class of the twelvemonth ensuing from flagging costs due to economic systems of graduated table, progress in engineering and other factors, but besides due to decreases or intuitions in authorities policy support. In Mauritius there are no equipments made for the production of Photovoltaic systems. All the equipments they get are from abroad. Most of the equipments are from United Kingdom, United States of America, and Australia and from China. Green power markets besides exist in Australia, Canada, and Japan, and at least one company offers green power to retail clients in South Africa. Major companies are besides playing an progressively of import function in the renewable power sector buying green power, put ining renewable energy systems, and buying Renewable Energy Credits ( RECs ) . Mac Neil Roa ( 14June2004 ) 4.1 Government Influence on Green Energy Undertaking: In partnership with UNEP, the Ministry of Environment and National Development Unit is presently developing or merely doing their measure in National Programme on Sustainable Consumption and Production ( SCP ) for Mauritius. One of the solution precedency countries good known during the scoping implement for the undertaking is the demand for an accomplishment program on Sustainable Energy preservation. A working group was constituted in order to enlarge the accomplishment program. From authoritiess indicate of position there are three sorts of energy ingestions in Mauritius they are: Demand-side energy efficiency: This most important pick relates to industrial or to proficient, executive and character method to cut down or to take down the maximal entire energy needed to light/cool our houses, produce goods, etc. Co-generation: Beginning of on-site or the combined co-generation of high temperature and power can radically better energy competency on the supply side. Renewable energy: Twisted and used or the recycled onsite through biomass or solar thermic aggregators, etc every bit good as that fed into electricity connexion grids. 4.2 Barriers: One of the basic stairss for the necessary to let booming executing of any exploit Plan is the demand to grok the barriers confront it, and how to prevail over those. Barriers to accomplishing the energy competency likely affect both market-dependent issues and academic or the institutional issues. The market barriers put off consumers from purchasing energy competent merchandises and services ; the institutional or the academic barriers put off energy establishments from advancing energy efficiency. One imperative thing is deficiency of consciousness and apprehension of energy competency. Energy competency chances are on a regular basis overlooked due to the simple fact that industry and other consumers are uninformed that they subsist. It is in the intent of this action program to develop consciousness in such affairs and to convey familiarity into the assorted sectors. There is for illustration, a low punter heed of the benefits of specific energy efficiency engineerings and patte rns. Institutional or academic Barriers and confrontation to alter: There is a frequent false feeling, preponderantly in industry, that energy competency will interrupt production procedures and that alterations should non be made unless wholly necessary. Energy Audits will cover with this job. The other jobs are be short of of capableness for carry oning Energy Audits and implementing Energy Management Systems and be deficient in application of up to day of the month direction accomplishments depicting to energy direction in public every bit good as in private sector endeavors. 4.3 Current Status: The one-year or the annual chief energy requirement per capita has been additions from 0.73 metric tons ( tones of oil equivalent ) in 1990 to 1.3 toe in 2011. The entire chief energy requirement was 1380 kg tone in 2011. Mauritius is greatly dependent relation on imported dodo fuels for its energy demands. Around 83 % of the entire chief energy requirement was met by imported fuels ( oil, LPG and coal ) signifier South Africa and from other African states and the staying 19 % acquiring from place beginnings ( bagasse, hydro and fuel wood ) . The largest frequenters of energy were the transit and industrialized sectors which accounted for 50.2 % and 32.6 % of the entire energy use correspondingly. Domestic outgo accounted for about 13.2 % of the entire energy outgo. The part of fossil fuels in the entire energy requirement increased from 64 % in 1992 to 83.4 % in 2007. Programs for mounting good organisation and increasing renewable energy are therefore non maintaining gait with mounting demand and economic growing. The rise in electricity use is at a sustained rate of 6.1 % . The part of electricity from renewable beginnings ( bagasse and hydro ) has decreased from 31.3 % in 1996 to about 24.5 % in 2007. The part of coal in electricity creative activity rose to 41.2 % in 2007 while engagement of fuel oil and Diesel fell marginally to 38.3 % . The concentration of energy usage is 0.62 metric ton per 1000 USD of GDP. This can be related to 0.23 metric tons per 1000 USD in OECD states or 0.19 toes per 1000 USD in EU-15. The possibility for better energy efficiency is evident from today ‘s immense spread between developed states like Japan and Europe and Mauritius. The Electricity Act 1939, by the authorities of Mauritius as amended and the Independent Power Producers Act control electricity production and usage in Mauritius. The duty is intended so as to depress wastage. Three piece of statute law have been made but non yet come to move, and would hold major impacts or function on the electricity section, viz. the Utility Regulatory Authority Act 2004 by the authorities of Mauritius, the Electricity Act 2005 passed by the parliament and the Competition Bill 2007 by the Mauritanian authorities. Steering rule on electricity is under the answerability of the Ministry of Public Utilities while policy on transit fuel is under the answerability of the Ministry of Industry, SMEs, Commerce and Cooperatives- Commerce Division, with importing issues delegated to the State Trading Corporation. The Final Draft National Energy Policy 2008 passed by the authorities of Mauritius looks forwarded at energy use in both the electricity and transit sectors. The advanced policy and its accomplishment program turn around three nucleus axes: Better energy competency through farther energy competent contraptions or vehicles edifices, labelling, revenue enhancement, strong linkages with sustainable touristry etc. Improved safety of energy provide through augmented portion of renewable in the energy meeting, micro production, C revenue enhancement, utilizing cleaner engineerings or public-service corporations for coal power workss, etc, and ; Droping the privation for energy forces largely through sustainable life styles, improved land be aftering thereby dropping transposing, mass transit, tele-working, flexitime, etc. A very figure of energy decrease undertakings are in the channel and are designed to be implemented by a scope of establishments or through academic schemes. Some of the present enterprises connected to electricity nest eggs are: Numerous programs introduced to the allotment of CEB by CFLs in secondary schools with copybook holding energy stash waies. Manage or command the route or street lighting by CEB and place governments to do certain that street visible radiations do non hang about lighted during daylight. Demand side Management ( DSM ) undertakings by CEB supported through messages and information operation, competition, pulling competition ; free sharing or gifting of CFLs in stray countries and in the island of Rodrigues, allocation of energy salvaging spines and calendars in lower primary schools and in primary schools. In add-on, some of the approaching undertakings in electricity nest eggs are: One important thing is from the beginning that is from the merchandising of Low Energy Compact Fluorescent Lamps ( CFLs ) to the common public by the Central Electricity Board ( CEB ) , at inexpensive monetary value utilizing C acclamation from the voluntary C market. The following thing is the growing of a Grid Code strategy by CEB to give a construction for little and large self-governing generators to import and export electricity on the web. And the 3rd thing is the enlargement of a Time of Use Tariff by CEB to put off electricity usage during peak clip. Energy Savings motion by Energy Services Division of the Ministry of Public Utilities ( MPU ) , by replacing of visible radiations with energy economic system tube visible radiations. Energy Efficiency-Product Labelling program by MPU. Energy Management in usage of thermal made steam derived from fossil-fuels. In the instance of the Textile Industry, by the University Of Mauritius Recommendations Of Utilities Committee at Ministr y of Industry, SMEs, Commerce and Cooperatives by Enterprise Mauritius for modesty competency in industries subdivision. Green Productivity Clinic at National Productivity and Competitiveness Council ( NPCC ) to give assurance cleaner creative activity through improved energy competency along industry lines. And the last thing is the enlargement of an Energy Cluster in Mauritius, to promote solar ( thermic and photovoltaic ) including export prospective. 4.4 Stairss for doing Green Mauritius:Budget 2008-2009: Building Green Mauritius – â€Å" Maurice Ile DurableIn the 2008-2009 budget announced, the Minister of Finance and Economic Development announced the revamping of the National Energy subsidise into a Maurice Ile Durable ( MID ) subsidize. The subsidize fund, which will be under the counsel of the MPU, will keep up attempts to guard the environment through procedure of recycling, this give assurance more well-organized usage of energy and hike the dependance on renewable energy. The finance will beat up financess through revenue enhancements, authorities subsidies, enlargement spouses, C credits and the private every bit good as the authorities sector, every bit good as air hoses countervailing their C credits.4.5 Key Steps include:Wind Energy undertaking at Bigara New hydro units at Midlands and La Nicoliere Landfill Gas to Electricity undertaking at Mare Chicose Optimize the usage of bagasse and cane field residues Puting up of an â€Å" Observatoire de l'Energie † and an information run Solar Water warmer loan strategy Decrease of responsibility on solar H2O warmer and spare parts Introduction of summer clip ( pilot undertaking in 2008 ) Puting up of a solid waste recycling plan 50 % decrease of revenue enhancements on intercrossed vehicles Presentation of an â€Å" Energy Efficiency Bill † Increase of Road Tax harmonizing to engine capacity 4.6 Goals of the Action Plan: The chief end of the Action Plan is future to manus unit of ammunition as a route program for Mauritius. To acknowledge the important and reasonable stairss needed for sustainable energy usage. This program gives manner for the instant executing of low-priced intercessions every bit good as high cost steps with short repay periods. These will be followed subsequently by mean term and longer term plus chance. Specifically, the Plan ‘s general ends for the following five old ages are to do the usage of energy in families, offices, industry and transit become more sustainable. The enlargement of decentralized renewable energy beginnings like solar, air current and tidal is besides an cardinal component of sustainable energy use and will be taken up by MPU following the 2008-2009 budgetary address. The Six schemes identified to run into the above ends are as follows: Strategy1: Energy Savings in the Residential Sector Undertaking 1: To develop minimal energy public presentation criterions ( MEPS ) for cardinal contraptions ( Led by MPU with Ministry of Industry, SMEs, Commerce and Cooperatives & A ; MSB ) Undertaking 2: Phasing out of incandescent lamps ( Led by MPU, with Ministry of Industry, SME ‘s, Commerce and Cooperatives ( Commerce Division ) & A ; MSB ) Strategy 2: Energy Savings in the Commercial and Industrial Sector Undertaking 1: Capacity Building of Energy Audit Providers and Promotion of Energy Service Companies ( NPCC and UOM ) Undertaking 2: Develop MEPS for industrial boiler efficiency, air conditioning, electric motors/machines ( MPU in coaction with a research establishment ) Undertaking 3: Regular Energy Auditing to be made mandatary for high energy users ( MPU ) Undertaking 4: Aid SMEs in transporting out energy audits with a targeted strategy ( SEHDA, NPCC and Enterprise Mauritius )Strategy 3: Energy Savings in the Public SectorUndertaking: Necessitate all public sector organic structures to bring forth one-year studies puting out their energy efficiency actions and advancement and facilitate exchange of energy efficiency best patterns between public sector organic structures through the web. ( MPU ) This undertaking has besides been identified by the working group on Sustainable Government Practices. Undertaking 1: Require public organic structures to buy merely energy efficient illuming as from 2009 when put ining or replacing lighting ( MPU and Ministry of Finance and Economic Development ) . Strategy 4: Energy Savings in the Transport Sector Undertaking 1: Addition Consumer Knowledge about benefits of Sustainable Driving including providing tools for energy efficient vehicle choice ( TMRSU ) Undertaking 2: Survey on Vehicular Emissions and Capacity Building on Emission Testing ( MOE, MPI and UOM ) Undertaking 3: Influence the consumer to modal displacement and behavioral alteration such as the Park and Ride Schemes, Incentives for auto pooling, Bicycle usage etc through instruction and sensitisation runs ( TMRSU )Strategy 5: On-site Renewable Energy DevelopmentUndertakings under this scheme are to be undertaken by MPU under the execution of the National Energy Policy and Action Plan and the 2008-2009 budgetary steps. Strategy 6: Education and Awareness and R & A ; D Education and Awareness on Energy Savings is looked into by the SCP proficient working group on Education and Communication for Sustainable Lifestyles. However, there is a demand to develop an integrated research scheme that will enable more effectual determination devising by policy shapers. Undertaking 1: Invent a Strategic Research Plan on Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy ( MPU ) This Action Plan will be achieved mostly via enabling instruments and intercessions. These will include inter alia economic and legislative agencies, minimal public presentation criterions, energy direction activities and energy audits every bit good as publicity of efficient patterns. The potency of C finance will be carefully looked into during execution, capitalising on chances available under the current UNDP – Millennium Development Goals Carbon Facility. This Action Plan will be implemented through execution squads as outlined within the papers. Systems will be put in topographic point to sporadically supervise advancement against marks. 4.7 Alternate Schemes: Strategy 1: Energy Savings in the Residential Sector Scheme: Home contraptions are the universe ‘s fastest turning consumers of energy after cars. Residential gross revenues are forecast to turn from the figure of 521 GWh in 2002 to 650 GWh in 2007 to 768 GWh in 2012. These figures represent mean one-year growing rates of 4.5 % over the following 5 old ages and 3.4 % over the undermentioned five old ages. Today the mean Mauritanian family uses about 1770 kWh of energy each twelvemonth. But usage varies widely among residential clients. About 15 % of families consume less than 600 kWh of energy each twelvemonth and about 15 % consume more than 2,400 kWh of energy each twelvemonth. Appliances such as air conditioners, dish washers, place film, and place office equipment are deriving in popularity in in-between income families. Other common domestic contraptions such as telecastings and iceboxs are being replaced by larger units. Many medium and high income families are buying extra contraptions. Efficiency criterions have been successfully applied abroad and hold brought about important betterments in efficiencies. The scheme is to develop Minimum Energy Performance Standards ( MEPS ) for cardinal contraptions to be sold on the market every bit good as a stage out of the usage of incandescent lamps. Failure to follow with MEPS consequences in punishments. An consciousness run must besides be launched to promote consumers to maximise the energy efficiency of their air-conditioners. The purpose of MEPS is to necessitate makers to better the energy efficiency of their contraption designs. MEPS besides have the consequence of taking contraptions with low energy efficiency, from the market. The Committee agreed that as a first measure, MEPS will be formulated for iceboxs and air conditioners. Aim of Scheme: The aim of the scheme is to stabilise the energy ingestion in the families. A specific mark could be to accomplish at least 25 % addition of energy efficient family ‘s contraptions to be purchased within the following 5 old ages and achieve at least 10 % decrease of mean energy ingestion in the families within 5 old ages. Tools Choice: Merchandise information, statute law and consciousness elevation activities are identified as the most appropriate tools to utilize for advancing reduced energy ingestion in family contraptions. Merchandise information will supply governments and consumers with information on energy efficiency while consciousness raising activities would promote people to purchase energy efficient family contraptions. 4.8 Critical Stairss for Execution MPU to put up an execution squad on MEPS and phasing out of incandescent bulbs Preliminary Industry Consultation and Preliminary Cost/Benefit Analysis The competent authorization ( MPU ) needs to develop the Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards for what is to be considered as energy efficient family contraptions. This should be based on scientific surveies and audience with cardinal stakeholders. Ask for public remark. MPU to outline the appropriate ordinances for MEPS which should stipulate the trial process and the proficient demands MSB would be assigned the duty for proving and to implement the MEPS ( need for resources ) A competent institute to be designated to make full the function of an information Centre supplying information on a regular basis on efficient contraptions and on how to utilize them right. The information is to be disseminated through hotlines, web sites, etc Success Measures/Monitoring What ( index ) : Have the purchased energy efficient air conditioners accounted for 25 % of gross revenues on the targeted market within 5 old ages Who ( will supervise ) : denominate an independent research institute to supervise the index How and how frequently data should be collected: Datas can be collected from manufacturers and Sellerss on an one-year footing or before and after the execution of the tools. Timeline: Initial 1-2 old ages continuance is considered as realistic to transport out the activities above Resources Needed: The MPU has already secured financess from UNDP for the execution of a undertaking on Energy Labelling. This undertaking will include the development of MEPS. Strategy 2: Energy Savings in the Commercial and Industrial Sector Scheme Energy Audits have internationally been used across all sectors to place efficiency steps that can be implemented in a cost-efficient mode. The Plan will advance energy audits as a agency to better energy efficiency. Energy Management Systems enables the formalisation of monitoring, measuring and aiming energy ingestion every bit good as supplying sector-specific benchmarking information. The importance of effectual monitoring and aiming can non be over-emphasized as it provides the yardstick against which nest eggs are targeted and betterments are measured. The Plan will advance the mainstreaming of energy direction systems. Energy Service Companies ( ESCOs ) sell energy services, energy direction being one of the most common activities. The ESCO meet client needs through a comprehensive energy audit service, financing mechanism, equipment procurance and installing and commissioning, monitoring and public presentation warrants. This addresses those state of affairss where companies do non hold the expertness and resources to give to energy direction activities themselves. Although the construct of ESCO is non new, it is non yet developed in Mauritius. There is limited experience in the market place. As a consequence, a assurance spread exists in the market where clients are loath to utilize this service bringing manner. The Plan will be devoted to make a more formal model within which ESCOs can run. This will dwell of commissioned public presentation criterions and approved methodological analysiss for energy efficiency audits every bit good as professionals accreditation. However to be effectual, it is frequently required that both the audits and the execution of steps to be paid by the client and to be made compulsory for certain industries or commercial edifices. The bing Enterprise Development Fund from Enterprise Mauritius can be used by industries to prosecute in energy auditing. The puting up of ESCOs would be facilitated by MPU. 4.9 Objective of Strategy The overall aim is to convey the energy strengths of major industrial and commercial sectors in line with international criterions and best pattern. The specific aims are: Develop MEPS for industrial boiler efficiency, hair-raisers, and electric motors/machines. These are common to many industries. Capacity Building of Energy Audit Providers and Promotion of Energy Management Systems Regular Energy Auditing to be made mandatary for high energy users. Promotion of Energy Service Companies Critical Stairss for Execution The MPU and MRC will put up execution squads who will Research into bing international criterions for common industry equipment ( boiler, motors, etc ) . The criterions will be formulated and adopted. Investigate the status/potential of ESCO market in Mauritius and set up agencies of heightening the publicity of ESCOs within industry and commercialism See a ordinance for compulsory energy audits in specific industries/commercial edifices Led by the NPCC, and together with UOM/MSB/EM, this execution squad will be set up to: Prepare an audit criterion and model Carry out capacity edifice of hearers and test audit strategies through specific sectors. A specialised preparation plan for forces at in-between and top direction degree of major energy consumer organisations will be carried out. The NPCC will committee a confer withing company to carry on the preparation programmed. Participants who attend the plan for the full period would be issued a certification. Develop a enfranchisement Procedure for energy hearers Undertake Energy Management Systems presentation undertakings and look into a plan of industry developing support particularly for SMEs.Success Measures/Monitoring IndexsNo. of energy hearers trained No of ESCOs in the state No of Industries/commercial edifices transporting out regular audits Mandatory energy audits implemented for high energy users Timeline 1-2 old ages Resources An estimated Rs 3 million is required for the capacity edifice undertaking for Energy Auditors which includes the purchase of basic energy usage monitoring equipment and about Rs 1 million for the development of MEPS on common industrial electrical equipment.Strategy 3: Energy Savings in the Public SectorScheme The Government will take by illustration through raising energy efficiency consciousness among authorities employees and by implementing specific steps within its ain edifices. Aim of Strategy To increasingly upgrade the energy public presentation of bing public edifices and accomplish best pattern energy public presentation in new edifices Require all public sector organic structures to bring forth one-year studies puting out their energy efficiency actions and advancement. Facilitate exchange of energy efficiency best pattern between public sector organic structures through the web. Necessitate that public organic structures to buy merely energy efficient illuming as from 2009 when put ining or replacing illuming. Appropriate Procurement standards must be formulated. Critical Stairss for Execution The Energy Services Division under the MPU has already prepared an action program to upgrade the energy public presentation of authorities edifices and the costs will be met under the 2008-2009 budgetary steps. The future Observatories de L'Energie will take the lead to necessitate all public sector organic structures to bring forth one-year studies puting out their energy efficiency actions and advancement and to ease exchange of energy efficiency best pattern between public sector organic structures through the web. The MPU and the Ministry of Finance and Economic Development will work out the procurance standard for energy efficient lightings through the Sustainable Procurement Framework.Strategy 4: Energy Savings in the Transport SectorSchemeThe energy burden of conveyance depends on the system ( the manner of conveyance ) ; the engineering ( the vehicle ) and the user ( driver behaviour ) . The major parts towards energy nest eggs for this sector will originate from a important modal displacement to public conveyance. This issue has non been addressed by the commission as there are a figure of undertaking already in the grapevine. The commission has focused its work on engineering and driver behaviour. Vehicle Technology is forcing towards greater energy efficiency through steps associating to air-conditioning systems, tire force per unit area supervising systems, sustainable biofuels etc. A High-Occupancy Vehicle lane ( or HOV lane ) is a lane reserved for vehicles with a driver and one or more riders. These lanes are besides known as carpool lanes, commuter lanes, diamond lanes, express lanes, and theodolite lanes. The working group was of the sentiment that the TMRSU should look into implementing a High Occupancy Vehicle lane on the M1 from junction Curepipe to Port Louis. The HOV lanes will be for vehicles transporting two or more people. HOV Lanes usually work best associating concentrated residential countries to cardinal concern territories and as such might be executable for Mauritius. Aim of Strategy Feasibility survey on the debut of a High Occupancy Vehicle Lane Provide Tools for energy efficient vehicle choice ( Fuel Efficiency labelling of Vehicles, Change the Vehicle Registration Tax etc ) Maintain fuel efficiency of older vehicles through an Emission Testing system Influence the consumer to modal displacement and behavioral alteration such as the Park and Ride Schemes Increase Consumer Knowledge about benefits of sustainable drive Critical Stairss for Implementation and Financial Resources Required Sensitization of decision-makers ( MPI ) TMRSU to look into the feasibleness of the HOV lane. This is to be included in the Footings of Mention of the adviser working on the feasibleness of the Bus Lane. TMRSU to put up an execution squad for an consciousness raising plan on sustainable drive. This will include information to consumers on efficient vehicles. The cost of the consciousness run is estimated at Rs 1million. The UOM will carry on a study on vehicular emanations. Through this undertaking, capacity edifice of enforcement officers will be ensured. An estimated Rs 100,000 is needed for this undertaking. The TMRSU to implement a Demand-side Management ( DSM ) scheme which include soft support steps for act uponing average displacement and behavioral change-such as promoting cycling, promote auto sharing, flexible working, financial steps such as congestion charges, park and sit schemes etc. About Rs 1 million is needed to kick start this undertaking.Strategy 5: On-site Renewable Energy Development( Bing addressed in National Energy Policy and Action Plan, to be implemented by MPU with aid from Ministry of Finance and Economic Development ) Strategy 6: Education and Awareness and R & A ; DSchemeInformation and Awareness are cardinal elements to accomplish success in footings of altering Mauritius into a more energy efficient society. A National Energy Efficiency run advancing energy efficiency among assorted mark groups through a multi-media run must be launched. This scheme is taken up by the Working Group on Education and Communication for Sustainable Lifestyles. Research is besides cardinal in finding the long term way towards sustainability. Investing in Research and Development is critical to guarantee an addition in the cognition base required to back up the turning energy sector. Technological options represent important potency for energy efficiency betterments. The possible version of internationally available engineerings and procedures need to be researched. There is a demand to hold an integrated research scheme on Energy Efficiency and Renewable energy which will assist policy shapers in better determination devising. Aim of Strategy and Critical Steps for Implementation The future Observatories de L'Energie to originate the amplification of an integrated strategic research program in coaction between UOM, UTM and MRC. This program will steer research establishments in their activities such as undertaking allotment to pupils. The consequences of the research activities must be utile to policy shapers. TEC and MRC to supply support to research workers in precedence countries of research on energy efficiency and renewable energy beginnings as identified by the strategic research program. This will include research families. From all this schemes that authorities put frontward Mauritius can be one of the states which can develop plenty green energy for the demands of the people and for the industrial intents. States like Germany and Spain are the states who take much importance for the green energy and developing it. If they can win why ca n't Mauritius. The large celebrated undertaking in Spain like PS20 ( Planta Solar 20 and Planta Solar10 ) a 20 MW and 50 MW undertaking which makes a good economic stableness in the power field of the state. Mauritius can besides do this sort of undertakings and do it to action and can do net income with a clip rhythm of approximately 15 to twenty old ages. Decision: Renewable accounted for about half of the approximative 209 GW of new electric capacity installed globally in 2010. In fact, non-hydro renewable have accounted for a large and larger portion of new electric aptitude over the past several old ages, lifting from 11 % in 2004 to about 39 % in 2011, while their part to entire worldwide bring forthing capacity has more than doubled during this period. Entire renewable power capacity worldwide exceeded 1,470 GW in 2011, up approximately 9 % from 2010. Non-hydro renewable exceeded 400 GW, a 26 % capacity rise over 2010. Globally, air current and solar PV accounted for about 45 % and 33 % of advanced renewable capacity, in that order, followed by hydropower ( about 22 % ) If there is a suited degree of investing in the Green Energy sector, so it could afford long-run sustainable enlargement and wealth formation to the island of Mauritius, economically and giving so many possibilities of new occupations in green energy Fieldss. However, such plus will necessitate to be coordinated by Environmental and Electrical development and operation. The short-run costs of Government funding would look to be low compared to the possible long-run award available to the Mauritanian economic system. Even with the most hopeful degrees of operation over the following 5 old ages, the spendings in provision of initial direct subsidy are improbable to be much greater than 65 million. Competitively keeping and initialising the ready important island of Mauritius the Green Energy proficiency and industry over that period will let the gap in future old ages to re-examine both the advancement and the economic instance with better and more certain informations, whilst retainin g the option to capture a important piece of a place and planetary market. With a Green Energy sector based upon the island of Mauritius ‘s native Marine resource, one time developed, this sector is really possible to stay within the island of Mauritius supplying important employment. In decision, for a relatively little initial investing over the following 5 old ages at that place is the chance of go oning along the flight which may finally bring forth a big Green Energy sector with really big benefit. Mauritius is known as the Paradise Island. Make this island a Eden by giving a pollution free environment. As in India peoples of Mauritius had a civilization of giving their wealth and monetary value to the followings or to their kids ‘s, allow ‘s hope they will give a pollution free Mauritius to their following coevals.

Hn 144 Unit 4 Assignment Essay

You will submit a 2–3 page double-spaced paper which should include a cover sheet and references page where you cite the article and the Code of Ethics. These are the only two sources you will need for this Assignment. If you choose to use additional sources, you will need to cite them as well. The paper should be written in APA format using Times New Roman, 12-point font. It should be no less than 500 words and written in paragraph format. You will need to include in-text citations and references. Part B: Ethics are defined as â€Å"a set of moral principles and perceptions about right versus wrong and the resulting philosophy of conduct that is practiced by an individual, group, profession, or culture† (Barker, 2001, p. 159). In the field of human services you will be interacting with individuals with a variety of needs within many systems. Due to the span of diversity among individuals it is important for you to become familiar with the ethical standards as set forth for human service professionals. The following Assignment will require you to find and discuss the importance of the ethical standards as developed by the National Organization of Human Services (NOHS). A code of ethics is â€Å"an explicit statement of the values, principles, and rules of a profession, regulating the conduct of its members† (Barker, 2001, p. 84). For this part of the Assignment, please complete the following: 1. On the internet, locate the Ethical Standards for Human Service Professionals developed by the National Organization of Human Services. 2. After finding the National Organization of Human Services ethical standards website make sure to bookmark this site as you will continue to reference this website throughout your studies. 3. Based upon the article in Part A, identify one ethical issue that may lead you as a human service professional to review the ethical standards and how you can resolve any ethical concerns. Why are the National Organization of Human Service ethical standards important to follow as you begin to work with individuals, families, groups, and communities? 4. Cite the National Organization of Human Services website and the Halstead article on your reference page. Submitting Your Assignment Put your Assignment in a Word document. Save it in a location, and with a name, that you will remember. When you are ready to submit it, go to the Dropbox and complete the steps below: * Click the link that says â€Å"Submit an Assignment.† * In the â€Å"Submit to Basket† menu, select Unit 4: Assignment * In the â€Å"Comments† field, make sure to add at least the title of your paper. * Click the â€Å"Add Attachments† button. * Follow the steps listed to attach your Word document. * To view your graded work, come back to the Dropbox or go to the Gradebook after your instructor has evaluated it. Make sure that you save a copy of your submitted Assignment. STEVE’S JOURNEY ON THE HERO’S PATH It was a warm afternoon, characteristic of those in New England when one last bit of summer lingers before the emergence of autumn colors. I was a counselor in acollege counseling center, and the afternoon had been quiet as is usual for that time of year when students are first settling in on campus. Our office managerinformed me that a student had just walked in requesting to talk to a counselor about his difficulty sleeping. My first thought was that a student coming forcounseling on a beautiful afternoon and presenting with sleep disturbance would be dealing with the typical issues of a new student adjusting to college. I had no ideajust how atypical my encounter would be. Steve was a tall, slender male student in his early 20s. Upon greeting him, I noticed that his face lacked complete symmetry. The left side of his face was void ofexpression, and when he talked his lips pulled to his right. As we made our way to my office, I also noticed that his gait was unsteady, and he walked cautiously. As Ibegan a standard assessment, Steve told me that he was a junior transfer student who had graduated 3 months earlier from a community college near his home. Hewas away from home for the first time, had taken an apartment off-campus, and was living alone. He explained that he felt nervous about being away at school, washaving trouble sleeping, and needed to address this so that he could do well academically. He told me he had looked forward to attending this school for many yearsand did not want anything to stand in the way of his success. It was Steve’s medical history, however, that revealed the deeper elements of his struggle. At the age of 20, Steve had been a victim of a random violent attack. He had